Engineering Management

EEMT 5510 Homework #5 12-24. An improved design of a computerized piece of continuous quality measuring equipment used to control the thickness of rolled sheet products is being developed. It is estimated to sell for $125,000 more than the current design.Based on present test data, however, the typical user has the following probabilities of achieving different performance results and cost savings (relative to the current unit) in the first year of operation (assume these annual cost savings would escalate 5% per year thereafter; a five-year analysis period is used; the MARR=18%, and the net market value after five years is 0): |Performance Results |Probability |Cost Savings in Year One | |Optimistic |0. 0 |$60,000 | |Most likely |0. 55 |40,000 | |Pessimistic |0. 15 |18,000 | Based on the E(PW), is the new design preferable to the current unit? Based on a decision tree analysis, what is the EVPI? What does the EVPI tell you?Without information, the optimal decision is to take the new design, shown by the decision tree below |scenarios |Year 0 cost |Year 1 Saving |Year2 Saving | | |Results (j) |p(j) |Decision |Outcome | | |Optimistic |0. 30 |New |$79,063 | | |Most Likely |0. 55 |New |11,042 | | |Pessimistic |0. 5 |Current | 0 | | | |Expected Value: |$29,792 | EVPI = $29,792 ? $20,225 = $9,567 Note:The EVPI is the maximum amount that ought to be spent to obtain additional information prior to making a decision. Suggested Exercises 1. A bridge is to be constructed now as part of a new road. An analysis has shown that traffic density on the new road will justify a two-lane bridge at the present time.Because of uncertainty regarding future use of the road, the time at which an extra two lanes will be required is currently being studied. The estimated probabilities of having to widen the bridge to four lanes at various times in the future are as follows: |Widen Bridge In |Probability | |3 years |0. 1 | |4 years |0. 2 | |5 years |0. | |6 years |0. 4 | The present esti mated cost of the two-lane bridge is $2,100,000. If constructed now, the four-lane bridge will cost $4,000,000. The future cost of widening a two-lane bridge will be an extra $2,100,000 plus $350,000 for every year that widening is delayed. If money can earn 12% per year, what would you recommend? Option 1: construct 4 lanes now: PW( cost ) = $4,000,000 Option 2: widen to 4 lanes later with 0. 1 probability,PW( cost ) = 2100000 + (2100000+350000*3)(P/F, 12%, 3) = 4,342,108 with 0. 2 probability, PW( cost ) = 2100000 + (2100000+350000*4)(P/F, 12%, 4) = 4324313 with 0. 3 probability, PW( cost ) = 2100000 + (2100000+350000*5)(P/F, 12%, 5) = 4284593 with 0. 4 probability, PW( cost ) = 2100000 + (2100000+350000*6)(P/F, 12%, 6) = 4227851 Hence the expected PW(cost) = 4,275,592 > 4,000,000 So we recommend constructing 4 lanes now. 2. Suppose that a random variable (e. g. , market value for a piece of equipment) is normally distributed, with mean = $180 and variance = 36$2.What is the proba bility that the actual market value is at least $176? Normally distributed random variable: E(X) = $180, V(X) = 36 ($)2 Pr{X ( 176} = ? Z = [pic] = ? 0. 67 Pr{X ( 176} = Pr{Z ( ? 0. 67} = 1 ? Pr{Z ( ? 0. 67} = 1 ? 0. 2514 = 0. 7486 3. A potential project has an initial capital investment of $100,000. Net annual revenues minus expenses are estimated to be $40,000 (A$) in the first year and to increase at the rate of 6. 48% per year. The useful life of the primary equipment, however, is uncertain, as shown in the following table: Useful Life, Years(N) |p(N) | |1 |0. 03 | |2 |0. 10 | |3 |0. 30 | |4 |0. 30 | |5 |0. 17 | |6 |0. 10 |Assume that im = MARR = 15% per year and f = 4% per year. Based on this information, a. What are the E(PW) and SD(PW) for this project? b. What is the Pr{PW>0}? c. What is the E(AW) in R$? a. |Year N |Profit in Year |PW (Profit in |Total PW (Profit |PW (with investment until |Probability | | |N |Year N) |until Year N) |Year N) | | |1 |40000 |$34,782. 61 |$34,7 82. 61 |($65,217. 39) |0. 03 | |2 |42592 |$32,205. 7 |$66,988. 28 |($33,011. 72) |0. 1 | |3 |45351. 96 |$29,819. 65 |$96,807. 93 |($3,192. 07) |0. 3 | |4 |48290. 77 |$27,610. 40 |$124,418. 33 |$24,418. 33 |0. 3 | |5 |51420. 01 |$25,564. 83 |$149,983. 17 |$49,983. 17 |0. 17 | |6 |54752. 03 |$23,670. 81 |$173,653. 98 |$73,653. 98 |0. 1 |E[ PW ] = 16972,Var[PW] = 1097641387 SD[PW] = 33130 (Standard deviation is the square root of Var) b. Prob{ PW>0 } = 0. 3+0. 17+0. 1 = 0. 57 Note: This is a discrete random variable with known distribution. So we do not use the normal distribution table. c. Since f=4%, we have real MARR, ir = (15%-4%)/(1+4%) = 10. 577% use the equation:AWr (until Year N) = PW (until Year N) (A/P, 10. 577%, N) AWr(1) = (72115), AWr(2) = (19168), AWr(3) = (1296), AWr(4) = 7799, AWr (5)=13380, AWr (6) = 17198, so E[AWr] = 1865 The project is questionable though E[PW]>0. The probability of PW

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay

Amongst today’s societies The McDonalds Corporations is considered one of many; that has successfully in so many ways used a combination of various marketing strategies and skills to become a globally known successful origination. McDonalds a global business in most countries around the world can also face a lot of challenges and issues. The McDonalds Corporations has learned and brought about changes according to the needs of its consumers per hour and should always remain flexible to changes within the environment that deals with current customer trends, government and or legal restrictions, and the development of technology. The McDonalds Corporations technology structural and also its financial assets of the company are perfect marketing positions. McDonalds without a doubt is completely abundant with many aspects in structure, finance and of course technology. To help, identify and implement majority of these assets within the proper directions towards the improvement of the corporations would be all that is needed. The McDonalds Corporations overall is producing their main product, creating items within their own kitchen, and cooking on their own grills. This means the use of equipment, certain control devices, the regulation of temperature, the business point-of sales system, inventory process, financial and communication information are all linked into different technology that impacts the corporation. Now with public awareness of technology and cultures more people are starting to become a little more health conscious, and have access to finding out about certain quality ingredients, and knowing the lack of minerals that may have an overall negative impact on what all fast foods have done to those who consume them. Along with maximizing knowledge on internal and external factors this will have a large impact on the four major function of management within a corporation. The McDonalds Corporations has goals that are reflected in its mission statement to become for some customers a favorite place to eat. There are several internal and external factor’s McDonald’s faces in the decision they made to go Global. External f actors  for the decision to go Global include the following. 1.)The growing heath trends of consumers 2.)The ability to expand into new markets such as India and China 3.)The diversification and purchase of other fast food restaurants 4.)The global growth of the fast food industry 5.)Worldwide deregulation (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These external factors impacted the four functions of management for McDonald’s managers, by forcing management to adjust the planning function and information to include a mission that was based on a global demand and competition. The organizing function of management with in McDonalds was also affected by the decision to go global. Management now has to organize information, people, and financial resources crossed countries and cultures to achieve one common goal. The function a leading for a management changed also. Now, styles and type of leading and motiving had to be localized and customized around the culture rather than one specialized way of doing things. Controlling or measuring achievements in with in the global industry also changed as franchisees are now faced with measuring success based on others in different markets. Internal factors also played a part in McDonald’s decision to go global and those factors have also affected the four functions of manageme nt for their managers. Some internal factors include: 1.)The desire for a strong brand name, image, and reputation 2.)A large market share 3.)The desire for a global presence 4.)A stronger financial performance and position 5.)Introduction of new products 6.)Customer focus (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These internal factors also had an effect on the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions of management within McDonald’s. Competing in a Global market makes managers think, act, gather and process information on a larger scale to achieve a goal. Diversity The evolution of McDonald’s Corporation toward diversity as a business objective began in the late 1970’s, when the corporation officially  established an Affirmative Action Department, which today is known as the Diversity Initiative Department (Anonymous, 2005). Numerous factors can affect the four major functions of management; this section will focus on how diversity can affect planning, organizing, leading and controlling within the McDonalds Corporation. Diversity in the workplace is more than a person’s race or ethnic background it also includes personality, gender, education, position in the organization, etc. The major obstacle for McDonald’s management continues to be age, gender, ethnic background and education. Diversity management involves a three-stage process: (Tetteh, 2014) †¢Identification Stage †¢Implementation Stage †¢Maintenance Stage McDonald’s management must identify where the diversity mixture is and decided on the appropriate action to ensure workplace harmony and productivity. This will be accomplished through proper training and communication with all employees. Learning to effectively communicate with the various groups within each location will be very important to the success of the team within each restaurant. Implementing effective processes that ensure each diverse group is accommodated is crucial to the process. McDonalds as a corporation does a great job helping and engaging their management and employee’s to ensure proper implementation by offering education and career development seminars, various gender based seminars, second language courses etc. Maintain and improving these processes will ensure that McDonald’s stays current and relevant to the groups each manager has identified within their department. McDonald’s continually re-evaluates its initiatives to ensure they are in line with their business and current employee base. McDonalds ensures diversity is properly managed within their organization by including diversity in the business planning process. This allows the company and its managers to treat diversity as an initiative rather than a program; it’s naturally incorporated into the business plan (Anonymous, 2005). Ethics When it comes the Functions of Management, you must condsider which parts may be corrupted by ethical issues. Two areas that maybe prone to be affected  are the Leading and Organizing Funtions. In building a dynamic organization you must find a diverse group of people, with different ethical baskgrouds, to fill the different postions in it. You would also want to get them up to speed with you organizations ethical views. If you take a company like McDonald’s you can find out what they do to ensure this. Now McDonald’s is committed to conducting business ethically and in compliance with the letter and spirit of the law. This commitment is reflected in McDonald’s Values. Inherent in each value is our commitment to be ethical, truthful and dependable and this is reflected through their Standards of Business Conduct, which serves as a guide to making good decisions and conducting business ethically. Each year McDonald’s employees are required to re-certify that they have read and will abide by the standards that McDonalds has set through the Standards of Business Conduct. Employees complete regular training on the Standards, anti-bribery laws, and various other laws, regulations and company-specific policies. McDonald’s and its employees in all countries must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (â€Å"McDonalds: Standards Of Business Conduct For Employees†, n.d.). References Salem, F., Abdullah, M., (2009) McDonalds case study. http://www.scribd.com/doc/16050821/McDonalds-Case-Study McDonalds: Standards of Business Conduct for Employees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/corporate_governance/codes_of_conduct/standards_of_business_conduct.html Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Anonymous, . (2005, November). Diversity at McDonald’s: A way of life. Nation’s Restaurant News, 1(), 92, 94-95 Tetteh, Vanessa A. (2014, January 1). Diversity in the Workplace. Research Starters, p. 1.

The Effectiveness of the Death Penalty Research Paper

The Effectiveness of the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example CONCLUSION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 33 INEFFECTIVENESS OF DEATH PENALTY 1. INTRODUCTION Capital punishment, whose legal synonym is the death penalty has been defined as the â€Å"legal authorized killing of a person in punishment for a crime† and as â€Å"the lawful infliction of death as punishment for a crime.† It is the highest form of punishment for crime in legal jurisdictions all over the world. More than 3000 inmates in America are on death row today (Watts, 2010); Stevenson (2001) quoted exactly 3700. In the United States, the support for capital punishment has been used by politicians as a way of showing their stands with regard to crime fighting. Unfortunately, most of these politicians are either ignorant of ineffectiveness of the death penalty in fighting crime or are simply using it as a means of climbing the political ladder. Mandery (2011, p. 100) stated that â€Å"some of the most blatant attempts at political manipulation of the death penalty have occurred on the level of state politics†. Conservative supporters of the death penalty do not want to imagine that capital punishment is not achieving what it was intended to achieve, neither do they want to look at the practical benefits of getting rid of the death penalty. This paper will explore the said facets of ineffectiveness of death penalty. At the moment, the United States has more people in death row than there ever have been in the history of the country. More states than ever before are legalizing the death penalty even when it has been described as a luxury that counties cannot afford. As highlighted by Dieter (1995) it costs a lot more money to fund the trial and execution of a...The paper tells that in the history of humanity, the death penalty has been the preserve of people suspected of heinous crimes. This is not absolute, as there have been times when suspects were killed for the simplest of offenses. The death penalty existed as far back as 14BC, when the methods of execution included crucifixion, burning, boiling, beheading, public hanging and stoning. With time, fewer offenses warranted the death penalty. The United States has been influenced a lot by its former colonial power with regard to capital punishment. As stated by Latzer & McCord â€Å"the death penalty was transported from England to the American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries†. During the colonial times, capital crimes were many although not many executions were done compared to the current times. The reforms that led to the review of capital punishment in many states started with the abolitionist movement. This led to many states reducing their capital crimes and abolishing the death penalty except for treason and murder. Some states did not follow suit and have still held on to the death penalty to date. In the first decades of the 20th century, there was a lot of debate regarding the death penalty, which led to some states abolishing it completely and some reinstating it in the face of World War I. Methods of execution had increased too, with the introduction of the electric chair and cyanide gas. The second half of the 20th century saw a huge drop in the number of executions thanks to the lack of support for this kind of punishment.

Three types of destruction myths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three types of destruction myths - Essay Example According to them, the world will face a time of destruction and at that time, the Gods will have a battle against all the evils and giants of the world. According to the myth, the world will have three consecutive winters whereby conflict will arise in all parts of the world. People will start fighting amongst themselves, families will break, and all codes of morality will be broken. The wolf skull will destroy the moon and his brother Hati will eat the moon, which will push the world into complete darkness leaving no stars in the sky. Three cocks will be found who will crow to the giants, Gods and the dead. Natural calamities such as earthquakes will destroy the world and these will free the wolf known as â€Å"Fenrir† (Lindemans, 1999). A serpent will twist the seas and make his way to the land where he will spread his poison and will crash the waves against a ship called Naglfar and all the giants will come towards the battlefield. The dead will rise again and the inhabita nts of hell will return. A giant called the Surt will set the world on fire. Meanwhile, a horn will be blown inviting all the Gods and the giants to the battlefield. The Gods, evils, and giants from all over the world will gather to fight and the battle will begin. The poison of Surt will be spread and kill many Gods like that of thunder.

Importance Of The Sex Education In Cameroon Research Paper

Importance Of The Sex Education In Cameroon - Research Paper Example The link between knowledge and an informed stance is very clear and education is the primary basis of grooming children to give them the knowledge to make informed decisions. It is very simple to point the culprit of HIV and teen pregnancies; the lack of sex education. Therefore, schools or special projects must introduce programs to increase awareness on these issues at a basic level. Consequences of unprotected sex must be told to children so that they can make an informed stance. They need to make decisions and understand the grave nature of their actions. The lack of this education has led to the current situation with increasing rates of HIV and teen pregnancies. As of 2010, 14.23 percent teens in the 10 to 19 years age group represent teen pregnancies (Tebeu et al., 2010). The rise in teen pregnancies, in particular, suggests that teens are involved in sexual experimentation without adequate knowledge of the consequences. Peer pressure is also a major factor to spread the acts of unprotected sex by following a larger group. Teens making uninformed decisions can only lead to the spread of the problem by making others follow in their footsteps. Students who deal with low self-esteem and confidence are more likely to be influenced by peer pressure (â€Å"HIV & AIDS,† 2011). There has to be a barrier to stop or reduce this effect. These peers replace the role of what sex education is supposed to provide. Instead of getting reliable information, teens follow their unguided fellows. The responsibility for the lack of this knowledge falls on the parents and the education system. They are the two main factors involved in grooming teens and imparting necessary knowledge before they form adults. Furthermore, parents are often hesitant to discuss sex with teens and it is against the culture to discuss sex within family norms (Cormier, 2013).

Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay Example The initial stage is to perceive the problems associated with the company being in the state docket, low return is likely to be the major shortcoming. The main question in this stage is what to be done to reverse the situation. Human resource department, however, is the most critical since it deals with human, who have feelings and emotions among other traits. Formulating the problem may require special skills and understanding. A time a company may be compelled to hire or outsource skilled and experienced professionals to detect or ascertain some short comings. The basics behind problem detection are comparing the current situation with the company goals or target. Some economic yard sticks can be used to evaluate accompany and ascertain whether it is on a gaining or losing trend (Eric, 2003). Problems related to human resource can best be ascertained by involving every worker to give his/her opinion on the company’s management and operation. Workers from different department s and positions can be interviewed one at time, this is to ensure confidentiality. The second step is interpreting the problem. This requires some deep understanding of a particular company aspect. Scientific principles could be applied to analyze the problem, in other words, this steps transforms the problem understanding form layman’s perception to a more detailed one. It is in this stage that several professionals are consulted to give scientific causes and remedies of the problems. This step can also be accomplished by interviewing the top management team in a specific field or department, for instance, social counselors or therapists may engage dialogue by the top management team to analyze a specific social or management problem in the organization. The third step is arranging the problems in the order of their priority. The most important goal of any organization or business is to make profit. The state governor thought the company is not doing well, hence the option t o privatize it. This might see the company make $250,000 annual profit. This helps to deal with the most critical problems then handle the rest while the company operates. It requires skilled and experienced professionals to determine which problems are more critical than the rest. Research indicates that this step require workers who have been in a certain organization for quite a long time. This is because they have good experience on Company’s operations, hence it is always important to retain two to five old workers in every department. This step requires deep understanding of a company’s goals and objectives. This stage may also compel the management team to review company’s records to ascertain how previous similar problems were dealt with. The fourth step involves using proven scientific methods to solve the problem in question. The State will apply proven economic principles in the transition/ privatization. According to the governor, the best alternativ e is to privatize the DMV. The principles have to consider the current workers; hence the governor promised that they will be employed in other companies but same department and position. Furthermore, the state will continue to provide the company with software, hardware and other professionals. Some proven yard sticks or models could be used to pick the best alternative (Shapira, 2002). For instance, economic alternatives could be vetted using present and future value yard

Final Exam for Organization Research and Theory Term Paper

Final Exam for Organization Research and Theory - Term Paper Example A computer technology firm has experienced tremendous growth owing to the effective leadership of an efficient top management team. However, it has also witnessed a huge turnover of scientists as well as researchers. The company can be stated to be in maturity stage of the organizational life cycle which signifies that it is functioning in an effective manner which enables it to generate higher profits. At this stage, the management of the firm generally remains the same and there is less delegation of authority or power. The firm at this stage is more focused on developing the efficiency in its business operations. This stage exists as long as the firm is generating profit. The firm is mainly concerned about analyzing as well as managing the costs of the products. The management structure of the firm tends to be more bureaucratic and there is less emphasis on brining in new innovations in the organizational process. In this stage, profit is maximized for its growth as well as the se rvices which are provided by the firm. The growth of the firm is for the result of better collaboration as well as team work along with enhanced leadership by the top management (Daft, Murphy & Willmott, 2010). The firm after gaining drastic growth in the maturity stage may tend to proceed towards the decline stage for inefficient performance as well as bureaucratic nature of the management. These factors primarily result in crisis for delayed decision making process as well as slow performance. The performance of the firm can decrease or decline and there can also be a lack of innovativeness. The firm also suffered a huge number of turnovers of employees which declined its performance. The workforce of the firm has decreased which results in reduced market share as well as it reduces the competency of the firm. The management at this stage needs to take up certain measures immediately in order to recover from the crisis (Practical Management, 2012). The crisis which is suffered by the firm may be recovered at the revival stage of the organizational life cycle. The revival stage may occur at the maturity or decline stage for recovering the firm from the crisis which is hampering its growth. The firm should take innovative decisions and the bureaucratic nature of management should be minimized for retaining the growth of the firm. The workforce of the firm should be engaged in the decision making process. The management should devise methods for encouraging as well as developing trust among the employees for enhanced performance of the firm. The issues should be analyzed and steps or measures should be taken for lowering turnover of key employees of the organization such as scientists and researchers as they significantly contribute towards ensuring innovativeness in the products and services of the firm. The employees should be provided with better working atmosphere as well as culture for effective performance of employees with reduced turnover. The aspect of providing rewards and recognitions to deserving employees including the scientists as well as researchers can be started by the organization to ascertain that they are motivated to remain in the organization and provide their best. All these measures will assist the firm to resolve the prevailing crisis and to retain its best workforce which in turn would facilitate the company to ensure long-term profitability and sustainability (Products Arts, 2012). Question 6 a) A Mechanistic Structure A mechanistic

Management Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Management Planning - Essay Example n organization and thus it is paramount for an individual to be able to grasp the various concepts that have to do with them Doing so allows one to be able to perform their functions in an efficient manner that will guarantee progress within the company (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2012). Two of the features that have been mentioned above and affect managerial performance include interpersonal relationships and communication skills. These two features can be said to have a relationship with one another as for one develop one, they will need to be able to develop the other (Boddy, 2011). In such a case, it can be said that interpersonal relationships and communication skills are involved in a harmonious existence with one another in the business world. There are a number of ways that these two features can affect the level of performance capable of a manager, but in order to determine what they are, one first needs to understand what these they are (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2012). Interpersonal relationships can refer to an association between two or more people formed as a result of regular interaction between the involved parties with one another (Gable & Reis, 2010). There are different underlying reasons behind the development of this interaction such as lo ve, inference or business/work obligations that require one to spend time with another. This type of relationships can be said to be formed within the contexts and guidelines of society and thus can be governed by the law, mutual agreement or cultural aspects. Interpersonal relationships can be seen as the backbone of society as a whole. Communication skills have to do with the level of ones ability to successfully communicate with another person (Maniaci & Reis, 2010). Communication itself can be explained as the process whereby a message is successfully transferred from one person (the sender) to another (the receiver). Without communication, one would not be able to understand others and thus

Why was America taken by surprise on 11 September 2001 Essay

Why was America taken by surprise on 11 September 2001 - Essay Example On the morning of September 11, 2001 four commercial planes were hijacked by terrorists affiliated with Al-Qaeda, an Islamic extremist group. The number of terrorists was expected to be around 19 that carried suicide attacks in three different places. The first two planes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York, the third destructed a part of the Pentagon while the fourth crashed in a field of Pennsylvania. This was a massive and atrocious attack on the land of America causing immense collateral damage.2 Who would have expected the day when America crippled into the depths of shock and horror with strong defensive shields mentioned above. A major chunk of the American economy flourishing in the WTC was deflated. The Pentagon that is the central decision making body of the country was so vulnerable and the trans-border security on the airports was so weak that no one could keep a check on any unusual activities. All of these loopholes resulted in the death of more than 3000 civilians3 on 9/11. When the episode of 9/11 is dug deep, one comes across a lot of questions. For instance, why did a non-state actor attack America? How did it get the capability to penetrate inside the country? Was there an insider involved? Does it prove the failure of President George W. Bush’s administration or was it another excuse to wage war like the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941? All of these questions have affected the lives of Americans itself. Right after the country was attacked, President George W. Bush declared war on terror and put forward a proposal of â€Å"either you are with us or them (terrorists)† before the world making states choose between the devil and the deep blue sea. President Bush invested heavily to wage the war against Osama Bin Laden, the culprit responsible for planning and executing the attacks. He started off with bombarding Afghanistan in 2001 which hasn’t stopped yet even after a decade. The attacks had

The image of fish Essay Example for Free

The image of fish Essay Kevin Roberts uses the image of fish in both his poems – Skating Down Trout and A Fish Too Big – to explore existential anguish in the point of view of the water creatures. In both poems, the fishes were presented as living in some kind of prison – the trout in Skating Down was walled beneath ice, while the Arwanna at A Fish Too Big could barely move inside the enclosed aquarium. Although Roberts used fishes in both poems, he evoked different speculations about life drawing from the reactions of the fishes to their situations. In the first poem, the objective reality was that the trout were living beneath the ice, and were safe against hunters who wish to make them dinner. The trout do not know that the ice functions like a shield to protect them from danger. Down there, nothing can touch them as long as the ice stands between the shadows and danger (lines 13-18). But the trout are easily scared, and their fears get the better of them – driven by forms only the fish makes substance until in panic at the hiss and whir of the steel blades it runs defeats itself – they end up driving the nails to their own coffin, prized catch to the hunters. If only the trout had more faith in their own environment where they had managed to survive for so long, then perhaps they would still be alive. They created their own deaths by giving in to their fears. On the other hand, the Arwanna in A Fish Too Big is opposite. The Arwanna was depicted as too big for its aquarium that it has no room to move anymore, a prisoner behind glass. The Arwanna The Arwanna could easily leap out or break its aquarium if it wanted to because of its sheer size, but the Arwanna accepts it fate and stays calm. If it chooses to move about and free itself from its cage, then the Arwanna will undoubtedly die. And so the Arwanna chooses to stay still, as the Thais say in lines 31-32: †¦ what can you do / without fate chance luck. It seems that the Arwanna has indeed accepted its situation, and have given up. What it needed was fate, or chance, or luck, to be able to get out of the situation. It sends an indirect statement saying that there is very little we can do about what happens to us; that in the end, death is a looming inevitability, and what one can do is live the life given to it before death comes knocking at one’s door. The last three lines And what can the fish or I do / about our own shrinking / glass cage of flesh? sums up the existential anguish the speaker is experiencing. The speaker was watching the Arwanna the whole time but was subconsciously relating himself to the fish, finding himself trapped with nowhere to go and nothing to do but wait for impending death stuck in his situation. However, there is a sense of peace as compared to the first poem. For in the first poem, the trout faced no real danger but because of its restlessness and fear ended up dead. But its fear is not without reason: they were being hunted. In contrast, although there was no aggressive hunter about to kill the Arwanna, the fish faced a terrible situation – it was caged and could not move, but if it tried to it will face death outside its prison. The main difference between the two was that the Arwanna has accepted its life and lived a life of calm, whereas the trout lived a life of fear. Roberts used the image of fish in both his poems, but he to different effects. The trout lived in an environment where they were hunted, but could easily escape its hunters by staying deep in the water. The Arwanna had no choice but to breathe inside its cell, or choose death. Even so, the trout who had more freedom than the Arwanna dived in to its demise because of its recklessness, because it let fear consume it.

Intergrated marketing communications in the retail banking sector

Intergrated marketing communications in the retail banking sector Nigeria is among the developing countries in the World today. In the 1980s, several developing countries pursued some form of financial liberalization program or other, in order to boost the development of their countries. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006). In achieving this financial liberalization, the First Bank of Nigeria Plc played a major role since the development and maintenance of the Nigerian economy. Being the first of its kind in Nigeria. The Nigerian Banking system started its history as far back as 1892 with the establishment of the African Banking in Lagos, the Capital of Nigeria as at then; it was taken over by the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) in 1894 and was later acquired by Standard Bank of West Africa in 1965. In 1969, Standard Bank of West Africa incorporated its Nigerian operations under the name Standard Bank of Nigeria. In 1971, Standard Bank of Nigeria listed its shares on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and placed 13% of its share capital with Nigerian investors. The bank changed its name to First Bank of Nigeria in 1979. (The journalof African society). Now, First Bank is the biggest bank in Nigeria out of the 25 banks, it has been rated as the largest RETAIL lender in the country. FBN has a subsidiary in London, UK which started its operation in year 2002 having a branch in Paris. The bank as at 2009 December had a total asset of N2,172 billion (USD14,718 million). (First Bank Financial Highlights 2009). Being the first of its kind in Nigeria, it has made a large clientele base and this has given the management so much confidence and a sense of satisfaction which has led to the neglect of customers satisfaction maximizations and feelings. There are 25 banks in Nigeria, although FBN Plc has been rated has the largest retailer bank, other banks are improving on the loop holes of their products and services and using that medium to sap their customers. The Nigerian populace has come to realise that they own the money (capital) of the bank and because of that; they should get the best products and services possible. Doole et al, (2005) says In the fast moving competitive environment it is vital for organisations to provide customer satisfaction otherwise they risk losing their customers to competitors. The penalty for not providing customer satisfaction can be a steep decline in the organisations performance, as Marks Spencer, McDonalds and British Airways (BA) have recently found. Integrated marketing communication consists of varieties of medium of communication all in the name of satisfying customers in order to get new customer and to retain existing customers. Zeithaml et al (2006) says, marketing communication is more complex today than it used to be. In the past customers received marketing information about goods and services from a limited number of sources, usually mass communication sources such as network television and news papers. With a limited number of sources, marketers could easily convey a uniform brand image and coordinate promises. However, todays consumer of both goods and services receive communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles- targeted magazines, websites, direct mail, movie theatre advertising, e-mail socialisation and a host of sales promotion. Consumers of services receive additional communication from services capes, customer service departments, and everyday service encounter with employees. FBN Plc is the biggest bank in Nigeria in terms of asset and clientele base but lacks a proper integrated marketing communication system. It has so much relied on the facts that it is the first bank ever in the country and the Nigerian populace believe strongly in the bank because of its strong asset base and because it has stood the test of times. Despite their strong clientele base, FBN can single handled own 90% of the customer population in the country if it adopts IMC. Chris Fill (2009) IMC has emerged partially as a reaction to this inadequacy and to the realisation by clients that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than previously. The FBN customers are yearning for qualitative and uniform information about their funds and interest. The Nigerian government created a monetary policy reform that was geared to stabilize the economy in short-run and to introduce a market system for effective allocation of resources. The efforts were directed at promoting financial savings, reducing distortions in investment decisions and inducing an effective intermediation between savers, investors and their financial institutions. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006). Integrated marketing communication build a strong brand identity in the market place by tying together and reinforcing all your images and messages. IMC means that all your corporate messages, positioning and images, and identity are coordinated across all venues. It means that your PR materials say the same things as your direct mail campaign and advertising has the same look and feel as your website. (Zeithaml et al 2006). Thus this research work aims to explore the opportunities awaiting FBN Plc after adopting a well integrated marketing communications system to boost its customer satisfaction. Research Questions and Objectives: Identify the need, want and demand of the market. Identify the causes of lack of customer satisfaction Identify and evaluate the market opportunities for FBN Plc. Analyse the FBNs competitive advantage over its rivals Develop a well qualitative and quantitative integrated marketing communication system for FBN Plc. Methodology: Conceptual Framework and Design Fisher (2010) says conceptual framework is formed of patterns of concepts and their interconnections. It is usually based on cause and effect relationships which are often the basis of hypotheses that such research seeks to test. It has also been noted by Easterby- smith et al (2002) that conceptual framework helps to take a more informed decision about the research approach, decide which method(s) are appropriate for the piece of research, and also to think about constraints which may impinge on the research. FBN Plc being a bank and with diverse staff and customers spread all over the country, it is therefore advisable from the understanding of methodology (conceptual framework) to go by positivism approach which is linked to quantitative method. Yates (2004) states that other approaches (quantitative methods) within the social sciences may come from the fact that natural science methods appear to be successful in their field of use. Most research texts have categorised research into two parts; quantitative and qualitative approaches. (Knox 2004) notes that this is mostly done for ease of explanation or to reflect differences in style or marketing, (for structural reasons or for addressing alternative research disciplines) or simply differences in approach is in hindsight for the research. It is said by Yates (2004) that from research texts, the relationship between positivism and quantitative method is almost a law or truth. He then further highlights (with other authors) that quantitat ive methods can be used with other areas of examples within the social sciences. Also that one can argue clearly that positivist thinking has influenced quantitative or numeric research. This could be as a result from the justification that quantitative methods are just as appropriate within an interpretivist piece of research. Ticehurst and Veal (2000, p15) support this linkage between quantitative and positivism by stating that the quantitative approach to research is also known as management science or operations research. Therefore linking discipline with philosophy. Saunders et al (2003) sees research process as an onion. Adapted from Knox (2004, P.123) Within this onion the second layer refers to the subject of the research approach that flows from ones research philosophy. Therefore linking the philosophy of positivism with different approaches. This onion has now explained that ones research could make do with Deductive Approach: develop a theory and hypothesis or hypotheses and design a research strategy to test the hypothesis. Inductive Approach: in which data will be collected and a theory will be developed as a result of data analysis. (Saunders et al (2003). Deductive approach is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is validly inferred from some premises and must be true if those premises are true. And Induction is a form of reasoning that usually involves the inference that an instance or repeated combination of events may be universally generalised. (Malhotra, 2003). From the above, I as a researcher in the case of FBN Plc have chosen to use from the Onion; Positivism approach which will lead me to deductive approach (quantitative method). I am expected to use this approach to identify an area of enquiry which is the customers and members of staff of FBN Plc to be able to have a good background of developed theory, which is seen as crucial for, guide me. The issues to focus an enquiry upon emerge from the established theoretical framework i.e., the customer service procedure, products and services and information given to customers about their funds. Specific variables are identified that the researchers deem should be measured, i.e., hypotheses are set. An instrument to measure specific variables is developed. Respondents give answers to set and specific questions with a consistent language and logic. The response to the set questions are analysed in terms of a prior established theoretical framework. The researcher tests theory according to whether their hypotheses are accepted or rejected. (Malhotra,2003). Knox (2004) concludes that positivist paradigm is majorly used by marketing researchers (positivism = deduction =quantitative methods); in aligning methods with philosophical stances. It also helps to form the nature of techniques that are applicable by researchers. Alternative Paradigm Names Positivist Interpretivist Quantitative Objectivist Scientific Experimentalist Traditionalist Qualitative Subjectivist Humanistic Phenomenological Revolutionist Adapted from Malhotra(2003 p.138). Easterby-Smith et al (2002 p28) argue that the key idea of positivism is that the World exists externally, and that its properties should be measured through objective methods. This infers that only knowledge, which is observable, is in fact valid. This then brings together the epistemology of positivism with quantitative methods i.e. methods which are essentially numerical evidence, following a very natural science approach to the research in hand. In reference to the Onion diagram, the third layers consists of six Research Strategies which include; Experiment, Survey, Case study, Grounded theory, Ethnography and Action result. This research is to make use of all these strategies to know the expectation of customers and what the management and staff are ready to deliver to their customers. Saunders et al (2003) further expatiated on data collection to be by the following which will be the means of my gathering of information; Case study (questionnaires, interviews, observations) and Documentary analysis. Expected data collection: Collection of primary data will be conducted majorly in Nigeria through personal interviews (observations), questionnaires for customers and staff of FBN Plc, and customers and staff of other banks. A major interview will be conducted with the Head of Department of the following units; Retail, Human Capital and Social and Welfare (customer service) at the Regional office. Secondary data will be collected through the customer and staff complaint boxes, financial news and reports and other related websites. Resources: This deals with how to find things out by research than discovering things by reading literature. Fisher et al., (2010). In gathering information for the research work, survey research will be adopted to have accurate and generalised views. In having a successful research work, one needs to make use of several resources in the survey approach which includes the following: Questionnaire: a question is a method of obtaining specific information about a defined problem so that the data, after analysis and interpretation, result in a better appreciation of the problem. In this research work, the questionnaire must have these set of information inclusive Facts and knowledge Opinions Past behaviour Future behaviour (chisnall 2005). Pilot testing questionnaire: chinall (2005) notes that, it is vitally important to make sure that questionnaire are piloted through all the stages of development. He further explains that it contains question which are specific, clearly understandable, capable of being answered by particular population sampled and free from bias. Webb (2002) confirms that piloting of questionnaire helps to evade participants biased answer. Personal interviews: helps with structured questions like rating question in self-response instruments and open-ended questions. These are orally presented, with the advantage that there is the opportunity for the interviewer to interpret questions, clear up misunderstanding, or gather data from those not fully literate from the designers language. (Black, 1999). It also helps observe and quantify the respondents attitude when interviewed. Documentary analysis: this is analysing the news originating from the financial sector of the country, news about the general views of customers and staff and complaints of staff and customers. Ethical issues: this poses as a problem in gathering information from staff and customers when there is a restriction on privacy, customers and staff that believe they should be loyal to their bank and employer and this can be done by keeping some things secret. Research bias: Saunders et al.,(2009) says to avoid research being bias, questionnaires and interviews must be designed and tested before being put to use. Time: a time frame must be set to achieve the expected result for the research. Literature Review To appreciate the importance of integrated marketing communication (IMC) it is useful to understand its origin and the major elements that have helped in its development. For many years agencies and clients believed that to deliver messages to particular audiences it was necessary to use specific tools of the communication mix. At the time it was a common belief that to achieve specific communication effects on buyers it was necessary to use particular tools. (Chris Fill,2009). Schultz et al.,(1993) says the practice of integrated marketing communication is emerging as one of the most valuable magic bullets companies can use to gain competitive advantage. Advertising, sales promotion, direct response marketing, and public relations practitioners are busy finding common ground to meet the coming challenge of selling to customers rather than market. This explains that integrated marketing is not out to increase profitability alone but also to achieve maximum customer satisfaction. IMC has now emerged as the response to this structural shortfall and the realisation by customers that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than the way it was in the past. IMC develops and extends the notion and value as a communications process targeting a firms external market. By directing Internal Integrated Marketing Communications (IIMC) towards their employees, firms are able to promote employee satisfaction, trust and commitment, thereby strengthening the firm-employee relationship and ultimately affecting profitability by enhancing customer satisfaction (Herington, Johnson and Scott 2006). By achieving employees satisfaction, trust and commitment, it results in employees dedication and putting in their best at their duties and this helps increase customer satisfaction. Gummenson (2002) confirms this, that previous studies have shown that employees who are familiar with and committed to an organisations market orientation and brand values play a critical role as part-time marketers. All customer oriented employees, not just those associated with marketing, help to deliver the brand promise. They can influence relations, increase customer satisfaction, customer perceived quality and ultimately revenue. Therefore, directing integrated marketing communications towards a firms internal market is itself a critical part of achieving sustainability and profitability. (Ferdous, 2006). Schultz et al., (1993) have produces a lively, no-nonsense critique of this fast moving marketing trend in integrated marketing communications. Taken alone, the early chapters documenting the shift from mass production to mass marketing are worth the price of the book. Yet the real meat of the text is revealed as the authors analyze the emerging reality of true one-on-one marketing to individuals, a reality made possible by the power of information technology to develop this ultimate consumer segmentation approach. The fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place. Nonetheless, despite the evolution and increased critical evaluation of IMC, it remains neither universally understood nor universally accepted as a useful construct. Furthermore, IMC is not consistently applied as a marketing principle and according to Hutton à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦has resulted in superficiality, ambiguity and blurred focusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Hutton 1997, p. 8). It is high time financial institutions realised that they all offer the same products and services and the only thing that can put a major distinctive difference to their services and product is by going extra mile to adopt IMC. Financial products are controlled by regulatory authorities in an economy. It includes administrative tinkering by governments with financial prices such as interest rates and exchange rates. McKinnon and Shaw (1973) further agrees that financial institutions are generally offering the same services and are controlled by government, and this is hindered in a repressed financial system by the low level of savings, it responds in a positive way to real rates of interest on deposits as well as the real rate of growth in output. Moreover, investment is negatively related to the effective real rate of interest on loans, but positively related to the growth rate of the economy. However, if it is proven that the basic financial practices of a bank is solely dependent of government policies, it is only a good thing for the bank(s) to look for best opportunities to improve on their services to survive and sustain their stand in the highly competitive market. This is further proven by Ferdous (2008) that the fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place. IMC has been able to achieve what other marketing processes have not been able to by breaking down corporate, geographic, and political borders to reach into customers homes and offices in a matter of weeks or days through the use of worldwide networks created by computer and communications technology that have been inculcated into the process of IMC. (Schultz et al., 1993). Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated marketing communication plan. PLACE Distribution strategy CHANNEL/MEDIUM CHOICE C OTHERS (PR, POS, etc.) Objectives Strategy ELECTRONIC Objectives Strategy PERSONAL CONTACT Objectives Strategy TELEPHONE Objectives Strategy DIRECT MAIL Objectives Strategy MASS MEDIA Objectives Message strategy Media strategy Adapted from McDonald and Dunbar (2004, p.19). Ferdous (2006) describes IMC to have been variously described in terms of a process, a marketing orientation, an organisational structure, a set of marketing tools, a basis for accountability and a philosophy. In fact it is all of these. However according to Robert Lauterborn who helped coin the IMC label, What IMC has come to mean to too many people is little more than two-from-column A, one-from-column B media selection process (Lauterborn 2003, p.14). Schultz (1997) agrees that the focus has been one of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Trying to integrate discipline rather than customer or prospects communications. In addition, focusing IMC efforts on the integration of a firms external marketing communications disciplines ignores the gains in competitive advantage to be had from a horizontal integration across a firms total communications effort including that of its internal market. The need for integration is the notion that some aspects of marketing communication should be integrated. The origin of IMC can be found in the prevailing structural conditions and the needs of particular industry participants, an understanding of what elements should be integrated in order to achieve IMC needs to be established. The elements to be integrated are; relationships, structures, brands, communication tools, messages, employees, technology, agencies and IMC strategy. (Chris Fill, 2009). The integrated elements are applicable to understanding IMC as a customer oriented process in creating a common understanding of its principles and core values. It is known that the primary aim of any business is profitability which can only be achieved when customers are satisfied. Profitability as defined by Ferdous (2006) is the function of customer behaviour, and then customer orientation is not only logical but essential. IMC integrates everything that impacts customer behaviour, not just the organisations conscious outgoing marketing messages. It begins with product development and includes packaging (branding), selection of distribution channels (communication tools), channel management (agencies), customer behaviour (relationship), customer relationship management and total quality management. It involves the multi-dimensional, interactive, continuously measured communication that connects brands or products and the customer. Lauterborn (2003 p. 15). Furthermore, Cravens et al. (2003) identifies four attributes that set IMC apart from traditional promotional strategies. They are comprehensive, drawing on all of the media, tools and technologies available to affect behaviour; unified execution of all the components of the organisation; and IMC programs em phasise productivity in reaching the designated targets when selecting communication channels and allocating resources to marketing media. Before considering the delivery of values of IMC, the communication channels will be given further attention, the channels are generally complex, and they involve various media for different communication with the same set of target market or customers. Ferdous (2006), these views about IMC values share three key attributes which are fundamental to its values as a marketing concept. They recognise that IMC is about the connection between the brand and the customer and that communication in all its forms facilitates this relationship. Implicit is the understanding that marketing is the whole business from the point of view of its final result, which is from the customers point of view, marketing today is not a function, but a way of doing business; marketing is everything and everything is marketing. (Harris 1993,p.13). Most importantly in this approach is the recognition that purposeful and coordinated management of customers and their relationship with the organisation is at the heart of building brand equity, which at a time of brand proliferation is critical to success. (Ferdous 2006). The Role of Communication. Communication is the greatest use of language. John Locke has seen the use of communication as the clue to an analysis of the notion of linguistic meaning. Customer communication completes the marketing cycle, linking customer with product, service and availability. At a societal level, in order to connect to mass production and consumption there simply must be mass communications. At its best, commercial communication engages in real dialogue, transmitting value and meaning, while responding to feedback and remaining close to the external customer. Communication has the role to announce, inform, promise, persuade and influence customers to buy in by communicating and delivering customer satisfaction. ( Doole et al.,2005). Communication is the best instrument for sustaining a good relationship between a business and its customers if well understood. In as much as communication is essential between a business and its customers, so also a communication feedback is also very crucial. This because; if a wrong interpretation has been gotten from the information passed by an organisation and a feed back is not received from the customer, the customer retains the wrong information , the organisation might be repeating the same information again at great expense. But when a feedback is in place, the organisation has an opportunity to correct the misinterpreted information and pass the right information across which makes the customer a happy one. Communication when used in the right context strengthens relationships. Doole et al.,(2005) recognising that employees deliver quality, internal communication encourages affiliation with organisational values as well as providing everyday working information. He further explains that communication to both external and internal customers is central to both marketing transactions and relationships. LEVEL OF COMMUNIVATION CORPORATE BUSINESS UNIT MARKETING DEPARTMENT Product Price Promotion Place Price packaging BRAND MANAGEMENT People Sales Advertising Public relations Merchandising Direct Adapted from Doole et al., (2005p.249) This explains the level of communication and how uniquely they have their level of importance to the whole communication process of an organisation. If one malfunctions, it invariably affects the whole system. This helps to increase the value and credibility of brand communication. At this stage, it should be clearly noted that commercial communication should be based on clear intent as noted by Doole et al., (2005), a communication campaign generally seeks to both push product on to and pull products off the shelf and position the offer competitively in the mind of the consumer. Its components parts need to hang together as a cohesive whole and remain consistent with core brand values. It is further noted that during the process of product life cycle, communications have very different roles to play; Introducing new products: the role to play at this initial stage is getting target market attention, also getting the market to test the product or service and the major task at this initial stage is acceptance of the product or service. Product maturity: at this stage, the product has been accepted and needs to proceed to the next stage, the task here includes sustaining the brand identity, maintaining the loyalty, defending the market share and adding value to the product or service is the major task at this level. In a situation where the products or services face rejection or losing market share, the need to improve on the product is essential (revitalise and reposition) or direct customers towards alternative, perhaps reducing communications to bare bones dominates. With the aid of product or service campaign, messages can be charged with differentiating, reminding, informing or persuading (DRIP) or sequentially securing attention, arousing interest, building desire and promoting action (AIDA) and moving a customer from unawareness through purchase to brand loyalty. The Communication Process. The communication process of IMC is between internal external customers. This research work is based on the evaluation of IMC between the employees (internal) of FBN Plc. and its customers (external). Groonroos (1985) explained internal marketing as an instrumental behavioural strategy for developing the state of mind that allows customer service effectiveness and building of relationship marketing. Ferdous (2006), in recent times, marketing professional and scholars have given considerable importance and attention to Internl Marketing (IM). According to Lings (2004) much of the literature on internal marketing, contains a variety of interpretations of the domain of internal marketing, it aim and focus. This means, treating employees as customers, understanding and attending to their wants and views which will help achieve a positive change in employees attitudes and on the long run affecting customer (external) satisfaction positively. Chernatony ( 2001 as cited in Ferdous 2006) suggested that in order to coherently transfer brand values to the companys stakeholders, employees must develop a shared understanding of what the brand stands for, through implementation of a unified communication approach. Today, the way organisations communicate with their internal markets, better known as internal communication (IC) (Tansuhaj et al., 1998; Thompson and Hecker 2000; Ahmed and Rafiq 2003; Kong 2007) is considered one of the most essential internal marketing considerations. Ahmed and Rafiq (2003) attempted to give a more acceptable and holistic explanation of internal marketing through the use of internal communication as a cultural framework and instrument for achieving strategic alignment while building customer service competence. This is reveals the importance attached to internal (employees) communication in operationalising internal marketing concepts/activities and achieving organisational competitive advantage and success. (Ferdous 2006). External customers are the major component of a business or an organisation. Customers determine the existence and longevity of a business. It is therefore important to understand how to carefully communicate information across such that it would not be misinterpreted. Organisations should understand how they receive, process and respond to the feedbacks gotten from customers. (Doole et al., 2005). If quality is meeting and influencing customer expectation (Doole et al., 2005) and even delighting clients, then managing expectations matters. It is very crucial that employees (internal customers) do not promise more than what they can deliver. Communicating with customers regularly is critical, keeping in touch with them, comprehending their expectations, apologising and explaining the limits of service possibilities can influence their expectations and may expand their zone of tolerance. Ferdous (2006) emphasises on viewing IMC as a process that focuses on both internal and external customers is the first step to developing a c

Comparing Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson Essays -- Comparison Poetry

Comparing Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson as Poets Often, the poets Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson try to convey the themes of the meaning of nature, or that of death and loneliness.   Although they were born more than fifty years apart their poetry is similar in many ways.   Both poets talk about the power of nature, death and loneliness.   However, Dickinson and Frost are not similar in all poetic aspects.   In fact, they differ greatly in tone. Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost both talk about the power of nature in their poetry.   Dickinson uses this theme in her poem " `Nature' is what we see -."   The power of nature is strongly portrayed in this poem by Dickinson's articulation of what the speaker see's in nature.   " `Nature' is what we see -... / Nature is what we hear -... / Nature is what we know -" (277 lines 1,5,9).   Nature is everything to a person, it appeals to all senses.   Dickinson also says in this poem, "So impotent Our Wisdom is / To her Simplicity" (277).   The speaker is saying that nature has such great power that one can't even comprehend her simplest ways. In comparison ... ...89.   p466. ----- "Birches."   American Literature. New York:   Scribner Laidlaw.   1989.   p472,473. ----- "Fire and Ice"   American Literature. New York: Scribner Laidlaw.   1989.   p466. Freeman, Margaret. "Metaphor Making Meaning: Dickinson's Conceptual Universe." Journal of Pragmatics 24 (1995): 643-666. Nesteruk, Peter. "The Many Deaths of Emily Dickinson." Emily Dickinson journal 6.1 (1997): 25-44. White, Fred D. "`Sweet Skepticism of the Heart': Science in the Poetry of Emily Dickinson." College Literature 19.1 (Feb 1992): 121-128.

A Career as a Pharmacist Essay -- Career Research

The flow of the medical community is dependent on every person employed there. The harmony it creates does not only come from the doctors or nurses, but the janitors, surgeons, receptionists, and even the pharmacists. Each job is necessary in order for the hospitals to function properly; for instance, the doctors diagnose the patient with their illness, prescribe them medication to cure it, and send them to the pharmacist, who then gives them their medication and sends them home. However, some jobs are overlooked more than others and do not receive the proper credit, like the pharmacist. Pharmacists are recognized for dispensing and sorting drugs, but their jobs help educate patients over their prescription and uphold the balance in the medical community. When young adults are challenged to pick a career, particularly in the medical field, most do not think of becoming a pharmacist. This low key career started with apothecaries, people who used botany and chemistry to help cure people. Unfortunately, their practice helped cure little to no patients, but as technology advanced, they abandoned their botany based methods and began to work with physicians. Thus, the pharmacist was created and continues to help heal the sick today. A pharmacist is â€Å"an expert in the use of medicines and drugs† (McAlpine 52) and uses their knowledge to create medications according to the doctors’ instructions. However, the job description of a pharmacist is increasing and it is not uncommon to find a patient directly talking to a pharmacist about their prescription. Pharmacists now inform patients on the proper usage of the medication and its side effects (52). Patients can bypass their physician, if they have any questions or concerns ab ou... .... Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. â€Å"Pharmacist.† Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition. 17 Dec. 2009. 21 Nov. 2011. . Carpenter, Rachel. â€Å"Pros and Cons of Being A Pharmacist.† Associated Content by Yahoo. 01 Oct. 2010. 22 Nov. 2011. . Gable, Fred. Opportunities in Pharmacy Careers. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. (33-41, 63-65). Hart, Alison. â€Å"Top Skills You Need To Be A Pharmacist.† USA Today. 19 Nov. 2002. 21 Nov. 2011. . McAlpine, Margaret. Working in Health Care. Milwaukee: Garth Stevens Publishing, 2005. (52-55). Yuping Yen. Personal Interview. 28 Nov. 2011.

Become a Better Driver

In every major city accidents happen in which people are injured or killed. These unintended injurious events are caused by a â€Å"mistake† made by the parties involved (Hughes). Many people are good drivers, but it would be good for people to learn to be better drivers. It will help people if they have to retake their license test when they renew their license. This will help them follow the road rules, be more respectful to other drivers, and avoid other distractions while driving. If people follow the road rules, they will learn to become better drivers. There are many different rules that drivers have to learn in order to get their license. If they follow the same rules they learned in the beginning, then there shouldn’t be as many wrecks today as there are. If everyone has to retake their license test when their license expires, then that will help them remember the road rules. An article states, â€Å"U-turns account for over 19 deaths and 654 serious crashes between the year 2004 and 2008† (Road Safety). Recently there have been some changes in the road rules because there have been so many wrecks. In, â€Å"Five Thousand Teenagers Die Annually in Crashes† it states, â€Å"In 2004, more than 2,500 teens were in fatal crashes because of failing to yield or veering out of their lanes† (Hughes). Mistakes like this cause a lot more crashes. So it is important the people retake the license test so they learn to become better drivers so not so many accidents happen. Drivers should learn to be more respectful toward other drivers. When driving, people don’t pay attention to other drivers. Such as at four way stops you need to make sure you wait until it’s your turn to go. Don’t just go because you don’t feel like waiting. â€Å"Intentionality can be seen in a range, from deliberate carelessness (hope no one gets hurt) to recklessness (too bad for them if they don’t get out of the way)† (Hughes). When drivers don’t care about other drivers on the road, more than likely, there are going to be accidents. An article states, â€Å"Weekly, there are stories reported of â€Å"accidents† that are really events based on bad decisions, which have predictable results† (Hughes). Drivers pay too much attention to other distractions. There are cell phones, radios, GPS’s, billboards, etc. A lot of drivers have wrecks because the distractions cause them to pay attention to something else other than driving. Devices aren’t the only distractions. When teenagers have friends in the car with them it is also a distraction. When teenagers drive with their friends, it causes them to not pay as much attention to the road as they should. â€Å"44% of teens acknowledge they drive more safely without friends in the car† (Hughes). Drivers need to pay attention to the road and other drivers instead of everything else going on. Many people consider themselves good drivers. There are always ways that someone can become a better driver, even if you think you already are. In an article it states, â€Å"In the United States, an average of 5,000 teens die every year in car crashes- an average of 14 teenage lives lost every day† (Hughes). If everyone was as good of a driver as they think they are then that many teens would not die yearly. That is why everyone should have to retake their license test when they have to renew their license. Sometimes accidents can just happen regardless of how good of a driver the person is. There is really no way of stopping these kinds of accidents except for trying to avoid them in all possible ways. But even if you try to avoid them, the accident might still happen. If drivers have to retake their license test it would help them keep aware of their surroundings and how to avoid accidents. Everyone can learn to be a better driver by following the rules of the road, respecting other drivers, and by not getting distracted by other things. Although almost everyone says they are good drivers there is always room for improvement. Become a better driver so there will be fewer accidents yearly.

Biomechanics of Wrestling Suplex

The origins and history of wrestling date back as far as 15,000 years with depictions of wrestling found in cave drawings in France. Wrestling is one of the oldest historical sports rivaled only by track and field, and has been seen in ancient literature and games of Greece and early Egypt. The most notable influence of wrestling comes from the Olympics, where it was introduced in 708BC . There are many forms of wrestling including Greco-Roman, Freestyle, Folk style, and Catch wrestling; all of which operate at different levels and have unique sets of rules.Freestyle wrestling is one of the most popular as it is employed at the high school, college, and Olympic level, where the ultimate goal is to throw and pin your opponent to the mat, which results in an immediate win. Freestyle wrestling is the most complete style of standup wrestling and brings together traditional wrestling, judo and sambo techniques. I choose to research wrestling because it is a sport I participated in while I was in high school and now use its application in my amateur mixed martial arts career.I had always found the suplex throw to be one of the flashiest and most detrimental takedowns from the feet which is why I choose to analyze this movement for my project. The suplex is seen in nearly all forms of wrestling and is said to be one of the most effective throws in the sport. The technique employed to complete this throw successfully without injury to yourself or an opponent requires an advanced understanding of the sport, above average skill and unique biomechanics; which makes it a perfect topic for more extensive analysis. pic] When performing the suplex throw there are three major phases that produce the collaborative move. There is the movement that gains control of the opponent and acts as the pre-loading of momentum to initiate the following movement, there is then the actual lift portion where the opponent is taken off the ground, and there is the movement in which the opponent makes contact with the ground once again and the active individual gains control of the opponent on the floor.The sequence of pictures displays eleven figures and steps in sequential order to perform the suplex throw. The preliminary phase is depicted by the first three figures and is the set up and pre-loading of momentum, the act phase is the explosive movement of bringing the opponent off the ground and over the shoulder of the active individual whilst the active individual falls backwards, The follow-through phase is the movement that brings the opponent back into contact with the ground and secures position of the opponent on the floor. Chapter 2 [pic] The Preliminary Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar flexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Slight flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion, Abduction, Slight internal rotation | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Slight lateral flexion | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |Fl exion, Abduction, Horizontal adduction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar Flexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion, Abduction | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Neutral | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Flexion, Slight abduction | |Right Hip |Flexion, Slight abduction | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Neutral | |Right Wrist |Neutral | [pic][p ic][pic][pic] The Act Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] |Left Ankle |Slight eversion, Slight dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Slight dorsiflexion | |Left Knee Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion, | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Extension | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Slight plantar flexion, Slight eversion | |Right Ankle |Sl ight dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip Extension | |Trunk |Slight hyper-extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Slight plantar flexion, Slight eversion | |Right Ankle |Neutral | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |hyper-extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic][pic][pic] The Follow Through Phase [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flex ion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension | |Trunk |Extension | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, elevation | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, elevation| |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Plantar flexion | |Right Ankle |Neutral | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Extension | |Right Hip |Extension, External Rotation | |Trunk |hyper-extension, Lateral Flexion | |Left Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, | |Right Shoulder |Flexion, Abduction, horizontal adduction, | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Extension | [pic] Left Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Right Ankle |Dorsiflexion | |Left Knee |Flexion | |Right Knee |Flexion | |Left Hip |Flexion | |Right Hip |Flexion | |Trunk |Flexion | |Left Shoulder | horizontal adduction | |Right Shoulder |horizontal ad duction | |Left Elbow |Flexion | |Right Elbow |Flexion | |Left Wrist |Flexion | |Right Wrist |Flexion | Chapter 3 The Preliminary Phase [pic] Plantar Flexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Slight flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Tectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Abduction Left Hip |Gluteus Medius | |Slight Internal rotation Left Hip |Deep Gluteal, Semitendinosus | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight lateral flexion Trunk |Quadratus Lumborum | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, P ectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | [pic] Plantar Flexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Abduction Left Hip |Gluteus Medius | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Neutralization Trunk |N/A | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal adduction Left Shoul der |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight Abduction |Gluteus Medius | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Slight Abduction Right Hip |Gluteus M edius | |Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal Rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Neutralization Left Wrist |N/A | |Neutralization Right Wrist |N/A | The Act Phase [pic] |Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterio r | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid ,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Eversion Left Ankle |Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Trunk |Erector sp inae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, E xtensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Eversion Left Ankle |Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | | Psoas, iliacus | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Righ t Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] |Eversion Left Ankle Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus| |Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Brevis | | |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Neutralization Right Ankle |N/A | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Sem imembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | | |Psoas, iliacus | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula,Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brac hialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | The Follow Through Phase [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Left Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid , Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Internal rotation Right Shoulder |Subscapularis | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Elevation Right Shoulder |Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Rhomboids | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Plantarflexion Left Ankle |Gastrocnemius, Soleus | |Neutralization Right Ankle |N/A | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Extension Left Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | Extension Right Hip |Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimebranosis | |External Rotation Right Hip |Sartorius, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Gluteus Maximus | |Hyper-Extension Trunk |Erector spinae, Semispinalis Thoracis, Deep Posterior Spinal Group, | |Lateral Flexion Trunk |Psoas, iliacus | | |Quadratus Lumborum | |Flexion Left Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Left Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Right Shoulder |Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major | |Abduction Right Shoulder |Supraspinatus, Pectoralis Major, Deltoid | |Horizontal Adduction Right Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Extension Left Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carp i Ulnaris | |Extension Right Wrist |Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor | | |Carpi Ulnaris | [pic] Dorsiflexion Left Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Dorsiflexion Right Ankle |Tibialis Anterior | |Flexion Left Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Right Knee |Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps Femoris | |Flexion Left Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Flexion Right Hip |Psoas, Iliacus, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus | |Flexion Trunk |Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, Internal Oblique | |Horizontal Adduction Left Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Horizontal Adduction Shoulder |Pectorals Major,Anterior deltoid,Coracobrachialis | |Flexion Left Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Right Elbow |Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis | |Flexion Left Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus | |Flexion Right Wrist |Flexar Carpi Radialis, Ulnaris, Palm aris Longus | Chapter 4 Strength Training Power Snatch [pic][pic] [pic][pic] 1. Place your feet at a shoulder width stance with the barbell resting right above the connection between the toes and the rest of the foot. 2. With a palms pronated, bend at the knees and keeping the back flat grab the bar using a wider than shoulder width grip. Bring the hips down and make sure that your body drops as if you were going to sit on a chair. This will be your starting position. 3. Start pushing the floor as if it were a moving platform with your feet and simultaneously start lifting the barbell keeping it close to your legs. 4.As the bar reaches the middle of your thighs, push the floor with your legs and lift your body to a complete extension in an explosive motion. 5. Lift your shoulders back in a shrugging movement as you bring the bar up while lifting your elbows out to the side and keeping them above the bar for as long as possible. 6. Now in a very quick but powerful motion, you have to get your body under the barbell when it has reached a high enough point where it can be controlled and drop while locking your arms and holding the barbell overhead as you assume a squat position. 7. Finalize the movement by rising up out of the squat position to finish the lift.At the end of the lift both feet should be on line and the arms fully extended holding the barbell overhead. Deadlift [pic][pic] 1. Stand in front of a loaded barbell. 2. While keeping the back as straight as possible, flex your knees and hips, bend forward and grasp the bar using a medium (shoulder width) pronated hand grip. This will be the starting position of the exercise. 3. While holding the bar, start the lift by pushing with your legs driving your heels into the floor while simultaneously gettingyour torso to the upright position as you breathe out. In the upright position, stick your chest out and contract the back by bringing the shoulder blades back. 4.Go back to the starting position by bending at the knees while simultaneously leaning the torso forward at the waist while keeping the back straight. When the weights on the bar touch the floor you are back at the starting position and ready to perform another repetition Pull Up [pic][pic] 1. Grab the pull-up bar with the palms pronated. Space hands approximately shoulder width apart. 2. As you have both arms extended in front of you holding the bar at the chosen grip width, bring your torso back around 30 degrees or so while creating a curvature on your lower back and sticking your chest out. This is your starting position. 3. Pull your torso up closer to the bar by drawing the shoulders and the upper arms down and back. Exhale as you perform this portion of the movement. 4.After a brief pause in a fully contracted position, start to inhale and initiate the eccentric phase by slowly lowering your torso back to the starting position when your arms are fully extended and the lats are fully stretched. Squat [pic][pic][pic] 1. S tep under the bar and place the back of your shoulders (slightly below the neck) across it. 2. Hold on to the bar using both arms at each side and lift it off the rack by first pushing with your legs and at the same time straightening your torso. 3. Step away from the rack and position your legs using a shoulder width medium stance with the toes slightly pointed out. Keep your head up at all times and also maintain a straight back.This will be your starting position. 4. Begin to slowly lower the bar by flexing the hips and knees as you maintain a straight posture with the head up. Continue down until the angle between the upper leg and the calves becomes slightly less than 90-degrees. Inhale as you perform this portion of the movement. 5. Begin to raise the bar as you exhale by pushing the floor with the heel of your foot as you straighten the legs again and go back to the starting position. Lateral Raise [pic][pic] 1. Pick a couple of dumbbells and stand with a straight torso and t he dumbbells by your side at arms length with the palms of the hand facing you. This will be your starting position. 2.While maintaining the torso in a stationary position, lift the dumbbells to your side with a slight bend on the elbow. Continue to go up until you arms are parallel to the floor. Exhale as you execute this movement and pause for a second at the top. 3. Lower the dumbbells back down slowly to the starting position as you inhale. Machine Fly [pic][pic] 1. Sit on the machine with your back flat on the pad. 2. Take hold of the handles. 3. Push the handles together slowly as you squeeze your chest in the middle. Breathe out during this part of the motion and hold the contraction for a second. 4. Return back to the starting position slowly as you inhale until your chest muscles are fully stretched.